Chapter 13: Intro to Marine Biology
QUESTIONS:
1: What is biodiversity? What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. the four elements that make up 99% of all species are Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorous, and Hydrogen.
2: What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process that most plants undergo to convert energy from the sunlight and the soil into glucose ( a basic sugar)
3: Describe the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy
in animals? The basic flow chart is Sun -- Plants -- Consumers.
~ Carbohydrates (or carbs) are the main energy storage molecule in animals.
4: What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Chemosynthesis is the process that plant-related life and bacteria undergo when there is not enough light for photosynthesis to work. Instead, these organisms use minerals from underwater vents like sulfur to obtain energy.
5: What is primary productivity a measure of?
Primary Productivity is a measure of the efficiency and production rate of plants and other primary producers, usually measured with these three criteria: 1.The amount of carbon dioxide used 2.The rate of sugar formation 3.The rate of oxygen production
6: Looking at the map of productivity around the world- Discuss what you see:
Why is productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open oceans?
Because more nutrients are brought there, and also because the shallow water allows for more photosynthesis.
Why is productivity higher near the poles?
Because at the poles, there are multiple currents that bring plant life and nutrients there (CA, Kuroshio etc.)
Define the following:
Autotrophs:
~Organisms that can provide for themselves food-wise
Heterotrophs:
~ Organisms that have to consume other organisms
Trophic pyramid:
Basically a model illustrating who eats who.
Primary consumers:
The heterotrophs that eat the consumers
Secondary Consumers:
Heterotrophs that eat the Primary Consumers
Top consumers:
Eats EVERyTHING!!
7: In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
A. The direction in which energy flows from one organism to the next.
8: What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
A. H2o or water, hydrogen, and nitrogen all cycle.
9: Diagram the Carbon Cycle in the Ocean
10: Diagram the Nitrogen Cycle in the Ocean
11: Diagram the Phosphorus Cycle:
All pics below.
12: What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor is a substance that is harmful in too small or too large quantities.
13: What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
The most important physical factors for marine organisms are gasses that dissolve in water, light, salinity, and temp.
14: What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Crowding, food sources, feeding relations, and defense of the organism's territory.
15: Define the following zones:
Euphotic: shallower than 70 m, and enough light for organisms to photosynthesyze.
Disphotic: A zone from 600m and 70m deep, not enough light for photosynthesis, but enough to see.
Aphotic: Deeper than 600m, no light, no photosynthesis. Organisms have to get energy through chemosynthesis.
16: Define the following nutrient transports:
Diffusion: The transport of materials or fluids through mixing due to random movements.
Osmosis: The filtration of materials through inactive transport, does not use energy.
Active Transport: Filtration using energy.
18: What are the major zones of the ocean?
(see assignment below)
19: What is natural selection?
The gradual biological process by which animals evolve, the genes of the surviving species adapt to the environment.
20: Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
Carolus Linnaeus was a taxonomist who classified all organisms into kingdoms, then into genuses, then into species.
21: What is taxonomy?
The naming and classifying of organisms.
22: What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
They are further divided into phylums, classes, genuses, families, and species.
amazing artistry. My first and last attempt. (not my handwriting, had to "paint" text with mouse).
1: What is biodiversity? What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life. the four elements that make up 99% of all species are Carbon, Oxygen, Phosphorous, and Hydrogen.
2: What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process that most plants undergo to convert energy from the sunlight and the soil into glucose ( a basic sugar)
3: Describe the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy
in animals? The basic flow chart is Sun -- Plants -- Consumers.
~ Carbohydrates (or carbs) are the main energy storage molecule in animals.
4: What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
Chemosynthesis is the process that plant-related life and bacteria undergo when there is not enough light for photosynthesis to work. Instead, these organisms use minerals from underwater vents like sulfur to obtain energy.
5: What is primary productivity a measure of?
Primary Productivity is a measure of the efficiency and production rate of plants and other primary producers, usually measured with these three criteria: 1.The amount of carbon dioxide used 2.The rate of sugar formation 3.The rate of oxygen production
6: Looking at the map of productivity around the world- Discuss what you see:
Why is productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open oceans?
Because more nutrients are brought there, and also because the shallow water allows for more photosynthesis.
Why is productivity higher near the poles?
Because at the poles, there are multiple currents that bring plant life and nutrients there (CA, Kuroshio etc.)
Define the following:
Autotrophs:
~Organisms that can provide for themselves food-wise
Heterotrophs:
~ Organisms that have to consume other organisms
Trophic pyramid:
Basically a model illustrating who eats who.
Primary consumers:
The heterotrophs that eat the consumers
Secondary Consumers:
Heterotrophs that eat the Primary Consumers
Top consumers:
Eats EVERyTHING!!
7: In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
A. The direction in which energy flows from one organism to the next.
8: What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
A. H2o or water, hydrogen, and nitrogen all cycle.
9: Diagram the Carbon Cycle in the Ocean
10: Diagram the Nitrogen Cycle in the Ocean
11: Diagram the Phosphorus Cycle:
All pics below.
12: What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
A limiting factor is a substance that is harmful in too small or too large quantities.
13: What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
The most important physical factors for marine organisms are gasses that dissolve in water, light, salinity, and temp.
14: What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
Crowding, food sources, feeding relations, and defense of the organism's territory.
15: Define the following zones:
Euphotic: shallower than 70 m, and enough light for organisms to photosynthesyze.
Disphotic: A zone from 600m and 70m deep, not enough light for photosynthesis, but enough to see.
Aphotic: Deeper than 600m, no light, no photosynthesis. Organisms have to get energy through chemosynthesis.
16: Define the following nutrient transports:
Diffusion: The transport of materials or fluids through mixing due to random movements.
Osmosis: The filtration of materials through inactive transport, does not use energy.
Active Transport: Filtration using energy.
18: What are the major zones of the ocean?
(see assignment below)
19: What is natural selection?
The gradual biological process by which animals evolve, the genes of the surviving species adapt to the environment.
20: Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
Carolus Linnaeus was a taxonomist who classified all organisms into kingdoms, then into genuses, then into species.
21: What is taxonomy?
The naming and classifying of organisms.
22: What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
- Animals
- Plants
- ArchaeBacteria
- Eubacteria
- Fungi
- Protists
They are further divided into phylums, classes, genuses, families, and species.
amazing artistry. My first and last attempt. (not my handwriting, had to "paint" text with mouse).